Bias at societal level
Everyone is susceptible to social bias to some extent. These forms of bias (un)consciously lead to the exclusion of people with a migrant background from recruitment and selection processes. For example, a bad experience during a previous recruitment process, or the fear of losing customers if an employee from a minority group represents the employer, can potentially lead to discriminatory behaviour by employers.
Bias at societal level
Taste-based discrimination
People with a migrant background are - often deliberately - not given a chance in the recruitment and selection process. This is a clear statement by the recruiter against hiring people with a migrant background - and in favour of hiring people with a non-migrant background.
Bias at societal level
Statistical discrimination
In the case of statistical discrimination, the group to which a person belongs or to which a person is presumed to belong plays a role. Groups are (un)consciously characterised by certain stereotypes. These stereotypes (un)consciously play a role in the selection decision. As a result, the individuals are not judged on their individual qualities, but on the stereotypes of the group to which they belong.
Bias at societal level
Social categorisation
In social categorization, people are allocated either to an in-group or an out-group. People belonging to the in-group are considered 'one of us' and are also evaluated more positively. People who belong to the out-group are considered different and are often judged more negatively. The differences that exist between the in-group and out-group are unconsciously magnified and often negatively charged. Ultimately, they also play a role in the selection process.
Bias at societal level
Implicit attitudes
Implicit attitudes are unconscious, hidden preferences and opinions about certain groups. This is about stereotypes that are unconsciously associated with certain groups of people. Various implicit attitude tests can be found online. They present an image, and your reaction speed in making positive or negative associations with that image is measured.